CULTURE
CULTURE
The word
‘culture’ comes from the Latin word – cultura. It generally refers to
patterns of human activity – the way people do things. Culture is often linked
to music, art and science, as well as moral systems and the characteristic
behaviours and habits of people. Different societies, such as Indonesia and
Australia, often have very different cultures, and this makes the world a very
interesting place.
Indonesian
culture has been shaped over hundreds of years. Geographically, Indonesia is
located right in the middle of ancient trading routes between the Far East and
the Middle East. As a result, Indonesian culture has been strongly influenced
by many culture groups and religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism,
Confucianism and Islam. It has also been affected by many foreign influences
including the occupation of the Dutch and the Portuguese.
Other cultures,
including the broadly named ‘western culture’, have also influenced Indonesia
in many ways. Modern technology, mass communications, television programs,
movies and songs have all contributed to the cultural mix. India, especially,
has influenced Indonesian songs and movies. A popular type of song is dangdut,
its Indian rhythm often mixed with Arab and Malay folk music.
The art forms
that can be seen across the archipelago show the complex cultural mix within
the nation. Wayang, traditional puppet shows, were used to spread Hinduism and
Islam amongst Javanese villagers. Both Javanese and Balinese dances tell
stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms.
Islamic art
forms and architecture are present in Sumatera, especially in the Minangkabau
and Aceh regions. Traditional art, music and sport are combined into a martial
art form called pencak silat. Despite the influences of foreign culture,
uniquely indigenous cultures still survive in some remote Indonesian regions.
Ethnic groups such as the Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Dayak, Toraja and many others
are still practising their rituals and customs, and wearing traditional
clothes. The result is an absolutely fascinating and complex cultural mixture
from Sabang all the way east to Merauke.
